Cooking apparatus.



. PATENTED APR. 21, 1908. '1). w. ROWLAND.

000mm APPARATU APPLICATION FILED NOV. 8. 1

74%oveq: heater.- 8M air/{M PM A remained for the usual UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

DANIEL w. HOWLAND, or BROOKLINE, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNORTO UNITED STATES FIRELESS COOKER'COMPANY, OF SANFORD, MAINE, A CORPORATION OF MAINE.

cooxme APPARATUS.

Specificatihnoi Letters Patent.

' Patented April 21, 1908-.

. Application filed November 8, 1906. Serial No. 342,610.

To allwkom it may concern:

Be it known that I, DANIEL W. HOWLAND, of Brookline, in the county of Norfolk and State of Massachusetts, haveinvented-certain new and useful Improvements in Cooking Apparatus,:-of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to. cooking apparatus? More particularly, it relates to ;ap aratus for cooking by heat retained inthe substance which is to be cooked. In apparatus of this character the substance is first brou ht to a high temperature over a fire, or by ot er con.-

venient means, and is then placed within the apparatus and allowed to remain there for several hours. so that the escape of heat is very slight. The substance remains at the'temperature which it had when taken from the fire, with but little diminution, and after a suitable lapse of time isfound to be as well cooked,'-and in.

many cases even better cooked than. if it had period inproximity to the fire. In aplparatus of th1s character many attempts ave been made to devise -means for retaining heat, by means that should be both effective and capable of convem'ent manipulation under the conditions of ordinary use. Such efforts haveresulted in' the construction of apparatus havin wallsof complicated structure. By genera 0011-.

sensus of opinion it has been thought necessary to. have the wall consist of an outer and an inner shell, with intervening space filled with one or,more layers of diverse material. The present invention is an? improvement upon all such, and provides also an im roved apparatus which 1s oflighter weig t and greater cooking power than any heretofore knownto me. t also provides a paratus which is the embodinhe'nt of simp city in manipulatin and carilfg for the samewith due regard or the hi hest requirements of sanitary conditions. hese objects are attained by the use of ap aratus inclosed in a single wall. This wal is of substantially uniform composition, so far as its material "components are concerned, but 1s formed with hard, impervious sides,.which form the exterior of the wall; and with a light cellular or porous interior. I

. The accomuanying drawing. represents in section an embodiment of the invention. 1

In the drawing, a receptacle is represented The apparatus is constructedhaving a body art 10 and a cover 11. Eachis com osed of a thickness of wood pulp or other ber, and is formed in a suitable mold, thus giving it the desired shape, the materlal being subjected to pressure and to heat in the manner well known for the roduction of materials known as indurated ber. By apthickness, as re resented in the drawing, the portion near the surfaceon each-side becomes hard and impervious to moisture, while the interior when finished has a porous or open-work structure containing an 1mmense number of very small cells. i

In the drawing the exterior orsuperficial portion is indicated at '12 and the interior portion at 13, and the gradual gradatlon of density from the exterior surface inwardly Is also indicated. The cover is of similar structure. In form it is preferably arranged to fit u on a ledge 14 on the body, and I 'arrange t is ledge about midway of the 110k: ness ofthe body walls, as shown, there being a flange 15 on the cover-fitting. over the outer portion of the body wall, and there bemg a pad 16 of rubber sponge, cork or other su1t-. able compressible non-heat-conducting material fitting u on an interior ledge 17. This ad is normeilly a little thicker than the eight of ledge 14'above ledge 17, so that when the cover is put in place and pressed down the pad 16-is compressed upon ledge 17, making a' tight joint. .The cover may be fastened down by any convenient means, the device here illustrated being staples 18in the body and hasps 19 on the cover. Handles 20 are attached to pl-yingthis treatment to a mass of great metal hoop 21, to which the staples are riveted; and this hoo may be set in a groove pressed or forme in the wall 10. The shoulder of the groove affords a firm support on which the ,weight of the apparatus and the strain of the cover may be borne equably, by means of the hoo 21, without metal and thus causing eakage of heat. In operation, any desired dishes containing substances which are;v to be cooked may be placed within the interior of the body ortion 10, and when the cover is in lace ;no eat can escape except through t e walls above described; The hard smooth, surface of these Walls makes absorption of heat at the interior and radiation of heat at the exterior slow, while the fibrous structure, and

particularly the light, open cellular interior structure, retards very greatly the passa e of heat from the interior to the exterior of tile apparatus. The surface of the material is impervious to-moisture, exteriorly and interlorly, and is therefore easily cleaned and kept in perfect sanitary condition; is light of weight, owing to the lightness of the material 7 and the open arrangement of its fibers, so that both.

it'is adapted for convenient handling; while its one-piece molded construction renders it simple and inexpensive to manufacture; and practically impossible to get out of order, which happens to previously known apparatus, designed for this purpose, by separation and loss of parts or distortion of the same during long-continued use, or by damage to materials through rust or absorption 0 odors, etc. I

If desired, a coating of White enamel may be baked on either the interior or exterior or This serves both to delay the absor tion of heat into the'inner surface and tile radiation of heat from the outer surface after it has reached the same, by reflecting a considerable portion of the incident, heat rays back to" the interior of the ap aratus, which would otherwise be absorbe at the inner surface, and by retainin' unradiated, a considerable roportion of t lat which has passed through t 1e wall.

I claimi 1. Cooking apparatus, comprising a receptacle having a wall of fibrous material, the wall being of and being gradua face.

2. Cooking apparatus, ceptacle having a Wall of fibrous material, the wall being of orous structure interiorly and being gradual denser toward its surface, combined witli a superficial coating of enamel.

In testimony whereof I have aflixed my signature, in presence of two Witnesses.

DANIEL W. HOWLAN D.

Witnesses:

M. E. MURPHY, EVERETT E. KENT.

ly denser toward its surcomprising a reorous structure interiorly 

